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Advances in immunopathogenesis of adult immune thrombocytopenia

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 418-424 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0297-8

摘要：

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated accelerated platelet destruction and/or suppressed platelet production. Although the development of autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins remains central in the pathophysiology of ITP, several abnormalities involving the cellular mechanisms of immune modulation have been identified, and the pathways behind the immune-mediated destruction of platelets have opened new avenues for the design of specific immunotherapies in an attempt to reduce the platelet destruction. This review is primarily focused on the recent literature with respect to immunopathological mechanisms in patients with ITP.

关键词： primary immune thrombocytopenia B lymphocytes T lymphocytes antigen-presenting cells cytokines

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A rare case of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with villous lymphocytes harboring t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 324-329 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0558-z

摘要：

Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) or splenic marginal zone lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes is rare, and prolymphocytic transformation of SLVL is rarer. At present, only one case of SLVL with t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation has been reported. In this study, we report a case of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with villous lymphocytes harboring t(8;14)(q24;q32) chromosome translocation that we inclined to SLVL with a prolymphocytic transformation. A 73-year-old female showed marked hepatosplenomegaly and high lymphocytosis (lymphocytes>200×10⁹/L). The abnormal lymphocytes had short coarse villi and round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The immunophenotypes showed CD19⁺, CD20⁺, HLA-DR⁺, CD22⁺, CD5⁺, Kappa⁺, CD25^dim, CD71^dim, Lambda⁻, CD7⁻, CD10⁻, CD23⁻, CD34⁻, CD33⁻, CD13⁻, CD14⁻, CD117⁻, CD64⁻, CD103⁻, and CD11c⁻. The karyotype showed complex abnormality: 46XX,+3,−10, t(8;14)(q24;q32)[11]/46XX[⁹]. The cytoplasmic projection, immunological characteristics, and trisomy 3 chromosome abnormality supported the diagnosis of SLVL. However, the presence of prominent nucleoli and high lymphocytosis suggested prolymphocytic transformation, probably as a result of t(8,14) chromosome translocation. In this report, we described an unusual case of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with villous lymphocytes harboring t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation, which could provide help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of B-lymphocytic proliferative diseases.

关键词： splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes splenic marginal zone lymphoma transformation chromosome translocation

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Zfyve16 regulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells

Xuemei Zhao, Donghe Li, Qingsong Qiu, Bo Jiao, Ruihong Zhang, Ping Liu, Ruibao Ren

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期页码 559-565 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0562-3

摘要：

Zfyve16 (a.k.a. endofin or endosome-associated FYVE-domain protein), a member of the FYVE-domain protein family, is involved in endosomal trafficking and in TGF-β, BMP, and EGFR signaling. The FYVE protein SARA regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway by recruiting Smad2/3 and accelerating their phosphorylation, thereby altering their susceptibility to TGF-β-mediated T cell suppression. Zfyve16 binds to Smad4 and their binding affects the formation of Smad2/3-Smad4 complex in TGF-β signaling. However, the in vivo function of Zfyve16 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a Zfyve16 knockout mouse strain (Zfyve16^KO) and examined its hematopoietic phenotypes and hematopoietic reconstruction ability. The proportion of T cells in the peripheral blood of Zfyve16^KO mice increases compared with that in wild-type mice. This finding is consistent with the role of Zfyve16 in facilitating TGF-β signaling. Unpredictably, B cell proliferation is inhibited in Zfyve16^KO mice. The proliferation potential of Zfyve16^KO B-lymphoid cells also significantly decreases in vitro. These results suggest that Zfyve16 inhibits the proliferation of T cells, possibly through the TGF-β signaling, but upregulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells.

关键词： Zfyve16 endofin hematopoiesis TGF-β lymphocytes

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Tim-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from asthmatic patients

Xiaoxia LU, Weikun HU, Shengdao XIONG, Guopeng XU, Fen LAN

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 187-190 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0033-6

摘要： The study aimed to detect the expression of the Th1-specific cell surface protein T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from asthmatic patients and to examine the correlation among Tim-3 mRNA, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level, and FEV1/FVC (force expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity) to explore the role of Tim-3 in the development and progression of asthmatic inflammation. Tim-3 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation among Tim-3 mRNA, IL-4, IFN-γ level, and pulmonary ventilatory capacity was analyzed. The expression of Tim-3 mRNA in patients with acute asthma exacerbation was 0.39±0.06, significantly higher than that in patients at the remission stage and controls (0.18±0.05 and 0.07±0.03, <0.05). The level of IL-4 in patients with acute asthma exacerbation was 68.42±10.54, significantly higher than that in the patients at the remission stage and controls (41.83±9.37 and 32.75±8.16, <0.05). The level of IL-4 in patients in remission was significantly higher than that in controls ( <0.05). The level of IFN-γ in patients with acute asthma exacerbation was 65.74±7.85, significantly lower than that in patients in remission and the control group (120.84±11.62 and 139.65±13.47, <0.05). The level of IFN-γ in patients in asthma remission was significantly lower than that in controls ( <0.05). Tim-3 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the level of IL-4 ( =0.68, <0.05) and negatively with the level of IFN-γ and pulmonary ventilatory capacity ( =-0.85, =-0.76, both <0.01). The increased expression of Tim-3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be involved in the development and progression of asthmatic inflammation.

关键词： asthma airway inflammation peripheral blood lymphocyte Tim-3

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供体来源的CD19靶向T细胞输注可以消除异基因造血干细胞移植后对供者淋巴细胞无反应的急性B淋巴细胞白血病微小残留病 Article

程翼飞, 陈育红, 闫晨华, 王昱, 赵翔宇, 陈瑶, 韩伟, 许兰平, 张晓辉, 刘开彦, 王莎莎, 张隆基, 肖磊, 黄晓军

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 150-155 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.006

摘要：

白血病复发仍是异基因造血干细胞移植（allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，allo-HSCT）后急性B 淋巴细胞白血病（B cellacute lymphoblastic leukemia，B-ALL）治疗失败的主要原因。allo-HSCT 后B-ALL 复发患者的中位生存期很短。HSCT 后治疗伴有MRD 的B-ALL 的主要方法是供者淋巴细胞输注（donor lymphoblastic infusion，DLI）。对于在allo-HSCT 后出现MRD 的B-ALL 患者且对DLI 并无反应的患者而言，供体来源的CAR T 细胞输注似乎是一种有效而安全的干预手段。

关键词：供体来源的CD19靶向T细胞输注造血干细胞移植急性B淋巴细胞白血病微小残留病

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Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 145-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0335-1

摘要：

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B HBV treatment guidelines APASL guidelines EASL guidelines AASLD guidelines

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B: a multi-center

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 111-125 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0854-5

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Although mixed liver impairment has been reported in COVID-19 patients, the association of liver injury caused by specific subtype especially chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with COVID-19 has not been elucidated. In this multi-center, retrospective, and observational cohort study, 109 CHB and 327 non-CHB patients with COVID-19 were propensity score matched at an approximate ratio of 3:1 on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, disease severity, and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to explore the risk factors for disease severity and mortality, respectively. A higher proportion of CHB patients (30 of 109 (27.52%)) developed into severe status than non-CHB patients (17 of 327 (5.20%)). In addition to previously reported liver impairment markers, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, we identified several novel risk factors including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (≥245 U/L, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.528–29.523; P <0.001) and coagulation-related biomarker D-dimer (≥0.5 μg/mL, HR= 4.321, 95% CI= 1.443–12.939; P = 0.009) and decreased albumin (<35 g/L, HR= 0.131, 95% CI= 0.048–0.361; P <0.001) and albumin/globulin ratio (<1.5, HR= 0.123, 95% CI= 0.017–0.918; P = 0.041). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with CHB were more likely to develop into severe illness and die. The risk factors that we identified may be helpful for early clinical surveillance of critical progression.

关键词： COVID-19 chronic hepatitis B liver injury coagulation dysfunction

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Vaccine therapies for chronic hepatitis B: can we go further?

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 17-23 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0313-7

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health burden worldwide. In addition to the recent progress in antiviral treatment, therapeutic vaccination is a promising new strategy for the control of chronic hepatitis B. On the basis of the major specific and non-specific immune dysregulations and defects in chronic hepatitis B patients, this paper presents the peptide and protein-based, DNA-based, cell-based, and antigen-antibody-based therapeutic vaccines, which have undergone clinical trials. The advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives for these therapeutic vaccines are discussed.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B therapeutic antigen-antibody complexes DNA vaccine

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health problem in China. The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in China from highly to moderately endemic. The most prevalent hepatitis B virus strains in China are genotypes B and C, whereas those in western provinces are genotypes D and C/D hybrid. Chronic hepatitis B poses a heavy burden to the society in China. Different treatment strategies have been explored to improve patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. However, antiviral drugs with a low genetic barrier to resistance are still extensively used because of the generally low income and limited resources in China. Individualized antiviral therapy is closely associated with translational medicine, which utilizes information from studies on genomics, immune biomarkers, and fibrosis. The results of these studies are crucial in further improving treatment outcomes.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B epidemiology prevention treatment

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基于PFM的B级钢侧架耐久性分析

李伟,李强,王平

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 56-61

摘要：

基于概率断裂力学对B级钢货车侧架的圆角细节进行了模拟耐久性试验研究，提出了一种新的通用当量初始缺陷尺寸分布的计算方法，建立了裂纹超越概率模型

关键词：耐久性疲劳 B级钢裂纹

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Impact analysis of compressor rotor blades of an aircraft engine

Y B SUDHIR SASTRY, B G KIROS, F HAILU, P R BUDARAPU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 505-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0493-3

摘要： Frequent failures due to foreign particle impacts are observed in compressor blades of the interceptor fighter MIG-23 aircraft engines in the Ethiopian air force, supplied by the Dejen Aviation Industry. In this paper, we made an attempt to identify the causes of failure and hence recommend the suitable materials to withstand the foreign particle impacts. Modal and stress analysis of one of the recently failed MIG-23 gas turbine compressor blades made up of the following Aluminum based alloys: 6061-T6, 7075-T6, and 2024-T4, has been performed, apart from the impact analysis of the rotor blades hit by a granite stone. The numerical results are correlated to the practical observations. Based on the modal, stress and impact analysis and the material properties of the three considered alloys, alloy 7075-T6 has been recommended as the blade material.

关键词： axial flow compressor rotor and stator blades aircraft engine stress and impact analysis aluminum alloys

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Comprehensive treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with hepatitis B: a case report

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 250-253 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0333-3

摘要：

The clinical data of a patient with acute-on-chronic liver failure were analyzed retrospectively. The patient has suffered from hepatitis B for 30 years. His liver function deteriorated, yielding Child-Pugh grade C and reaching a model for end-stage liver disease score of 33 points within a short period; this condition was complicated with highly active variceal bleeding and coagulation system failure (PT > 100 s). The patient also presented hepatocellular carcinoma. Comprehensive treatments included effective inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication and intensive care support. Piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation was performed as the final treatment. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged after surgery.

关键词： acute-on-chronic liver failure submassive necrosis viral hepatitis B esophageal variceal bleeding liver transplantation

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带约束条件的C-Bézier曲面最优降多阶逼近 Article

Lian ZHOU, Xin-hui LIN, Hong-yan ZHAO, Jun CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第12期页码 2009-2016 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700458

摘要：本文提出了一种在L2范数下C-Bézier曲面带约束条件的降多阶逼近最优方法。利用C-Bézier基函数的转换矩阵，得到了降阶曲面控制顶点的显式矩阵表示。

关键词： C-Bézier曲面；降阶；边界约束

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MicroRNA-148b promotes proliferation of hair follicle cells by targeting

Wanbao YANG,Qinqun LI,Bo SU,Mei YU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 72-80 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016089

摘要： MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are involved in many aspects of biological processes. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs are important for hair follicle development and growth. In our study, we found by qRT-PCR that miR-148b was significantly upregulated in sheep wool follicle bulbs in anagen phase compared with the telogen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Overexpression of miR-148b promoted proliferation of both HHDPC and HHGMC. By using the TOPFlash system we demonstrated that miR-148b could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and , , and were consistently upregulated accordingly. Furthermore, transcript factor nuclear factor of activated T cells type 5 ( ) and were predicted to be the target of miR-148b and this was substantiated using a Dual-Luciferase reporter system. Subsequently was further identified as the target of miR-148b using western blotting. These results were considered to indicate that miR-148b could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway by targeting to promote the proliferation of human hair follicle cells.

关键词： miR-148b hair follicle proliferation NFAT5 Wnt10b

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Correlation between viral load and liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients

Lili LIU MM , Jiyao WANG MD , Weimin SHE MM ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 271-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0054-1

摘要： The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels during the course and the progression to cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B. A total of 239 chronic hepatitis B patients confirmed by liver biopsy between 2001 and 2007 were followed up for a median of 28 months. Compared with the patients without cirrhosis, the patients progressed to cirrhosis were older and with higher HBV-DNA levels at end point. However, there was no significant difference in cirrhosis progression between different HBV-DNA groups at baseline ( = 0.531). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher HBV-DNA level at endpoint had increasing risk of cirrhosis ( = 0.019). The results of Cox model indicated that HBV-DNA levels at endpoint, stage of fibrosis, negative hepatitis B e antigen, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase at baseline were independent risk factors of cirrhosis. The relative risk ratios were 1.898, 1.918, 8.976, and 1.006, respectively. Progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients is correlated with HBV-DNA levels during follow-up.

关键词： hepatitis B chronic viral load liver cirrhosis